Natural life, lived naturally as it is lived in the countryside, has none of that progress which is the base of happiness. Men and women in rural communities can be compared to a spring that raises circles. But the out of a rock and spreads in irregular never widening general principle in static.
India is a land of villages and around 65% of the state’s population is living in rural areas. People of rural areas should have the same quality of life as it’s enjoyed by the people living in sub –urban areas. Further there are cascading effect of poverty, unemployment, poor and inadequate infrastructure in rural areas on urban centers causing slums and consequential social and economic tensions manifesting in economic deprivation and urban poverty. Hence, rural development which is concerned with economic growth and social justice, improvement in the living standard of the rural people by providing adequate and quality social services and minimum basic need becomes essential. The present strategy of rural development mainly focuses on poverty alleviation, better livelihood opportunities, provision of basic amenities and infrastructure facilities through innovative programmed of wage and self- employment. The non-governmental organization has played a vital role in rural involved in community development. The non-profit voluntary and nongovernmental organizations had to be involved in different phases and activates at the global, regional and local levels. Thus, in later phases, the NGOs have been constantly working day in and one day out to solve various problems concerning children.
Poverty is widespread in India; with the nation estimated has a third world’s poor. In India, 60% people are living in below poverty line. There about 6 lakes villages constituting more than 600 million people, the problems of rural masses are terrible and innumerable. Even after 60 years of independence, people in villages are found to be economically backward, socially oppressed, culturally suppressed, politically exploited, traditionally nullified and in general deprived of facilities the health, transformation, communication and even denied basic amenities like protected drinking water, food, clothing, shelter etc. Therefore, we all want to solve the problems through NGOs. India was declared a welfare state soon after the attainment of independence with this declaration it made a number of provisions for the social welfare under which the grant in aid facilities were made avoidable to the NGOs.
NGOs are difficult to define and classify, and the term ‘NGOs’ is not used consistently. As a result, there are many different classifications is use. The most common use a framework that include orientation and level of operation .An NGOs orientation refers to type of activities it takes on. These activities might include human rights environments, or development works, such as local international or national. NGOs are a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates indecently from any form of government .NGOs are non-profit making agencies that are constituted with a vision by a group of likeminded people, committed for the uplift of the poor, marginalized, unprivileged, impoverished, downtrodden and the needy and they are closer and accessible to the target groups, flexible in administration, quicker in decision making, timely in action and facilitating the people towards self-reliance ensuring their fullest participation in the whole process of development. NGOs are played an important role in rural development.
Rural development, as such is nothing new to the third world countries. Many developing countries have been “practicing” or promoting rural development for a number of years and many of them have achieved significant success in their efforts. “Rural” is an area, the people are engaged in primary industry in the sense that they produce things directly for the first time in cooperation with nature as stated by Srivastava.
“Development” it refers to growth, stage of inducement or progress. This progress or growth is gradual and had sequential phase. Always there is creasing differentiation. It also refers to over all movement towards greater efficiency and complex situations.
Basically, Rural development designates the utilization of approaches and techniques under one single programme,with rally upon local communities as units of action .It provides a large umbrella under which all the people engaged in the work of community organizations, community progress and community relation.
It is said but Eldon Tanner, “Services is the rent we pay for them, Privilege of living on the Earth”. Nongovernmental organizations are rendering their services with a voluntary spirit for the uplift of millions of rural people in the country.
They involve in the development of the rural poor with a profound commitment and a strong will. As their minds are geared up with voluntarism or altruism they do not mind their personal sufferings, discomforts, inconveniences and stresses in the process of their intervention. It is true and not an exaggeration that NGOs pains and strains turn out to be a pleasure for them when the poor people gain something concretely. NGOs are the ones who really intend to care the poor sections. In India, more than 70% people dwell in villages with a backward livelihood. There are about 6 lakhs villages constituting more than 600% million people. The problems of rural masses are terrible and innumerable.
The late of 1970s saw people coming out of the church, the left, the Gandhi try to converge in the field of development at the grassroots with focus on awareness creation and concentration .They established some voluntary organization for serve the poor and backward classes. The external donors pro-active role and global events provided a macro perspective to the grassroots work with the perspective of structural development processes by intergrading gender, environment and human right concerns into the process .Together with development, the NGOs developed the perspective of participatory processes(as against the top down and centralized approach of the political and governance system) and many started practicing them at the grassroots to strengthen self-management and grassroots democracy.
During 1990s, the numbers of NGOs in India have multiplied many folds. An estimated over 30000 NGOs, most of them with rural focus, are actively working .NGOs have acquired legitimacy with rural focus, are actively working. NGOs have acquired legitimacy and credibility to a great extent, notwithstanding charges of corruption and lack of public accountability and transparency on some NGOs. NGOs find a place in many governmental and semi government policy and implementation bodies.
Since independence in 1947 until around 1980, there was little effort on the part of the Indian government to define the role of a voluntary agency or to recognize its importance. The important areas included to NGOs are discussed below:
1. Optional utilization and development of renewable source of energy, including forestry through the information of renewable energy association at the block level.
2. Health for all programs,
3. Water management and soil conservation,
4. Social welfare programs for weaker section,
5. Implementation of minimum needs program,
6. Family welfare, health and nutrition, education and relevant community programs in the field.
NGOs are usually formed among private groups of individuals sharing specialized interests in regard to issue that can be local, national and international. At, present era, NGOs played an important role in rural areas. They serve not only a voluntary organization, but also created some appointment for rural educated people .The NGOs are giving a much importance on adults education, eradication of poverty, to keep the rights of children, women and seek people.
Rural development is a complex process as it involves continuous reorientation of traditional values, practices and institutions in order to incorporate increasing corpus of scientific knowledge and technologies to change quality of life and welfare of the poor people. It is now widely believed that rural development as a people-centered programmed should be viewed as a process of change to brought about and sustained by the people or the target group themselves. For this to happen, people have organized and enable to be active participants of the development process. Given the manner government machinery operates, this job cannot be performed by the governmental servants. This role is appropriately suited to the nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) which have emerged as viable forces for the articulation of peoples need and grievances. Recognizing this government policy has been to encourage NGOs to participate in the task of rural development wherever way it is feasible.
ROLE OF NGOS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT:
The NGOs have taking participation in rural development. The rural poor and socially depressed classes are mainly depending upon the operations of NGOs. No particular job is particularly meant for the NGOs. Thus, there is a huge competition among the NGOs to extend the services for the benefit of the poor. At the same time, we should not forget the mushrooming of the NGOs for their welfare. The following are the important activities should take up for the development of the poor.
They take different type of programmed to improve the rural status: Agricultural Related Programs: Numerous activities can be undertaken under agriculture sector. The jobs or projects like distributing planting materials, cattle, poultry minor irrigation, free medical care for cattle’s safe drinking water for animals etc.
Community Development Program: The works like pit drainage, housing, creation of smokeless environment, moral support during flood or famine period, supply of food and drinking water during flood, common well, training programs for the rural youths ,housing projects ,repair and repair and renovation of house etc. will satisfy the basic necessities. The important program like training programs for rural poor will hold the youths from rural exodus. Even this type of training programs may also be extended for the rural women, so that we can expect self-sustenance among this community.
Trade and Industrial Promotion: The important problem in the present context is availability of the market for products of rural enterprises .Therefore, a NGOs has a direct link with the government for marketing of the good. Apart from this, NGO can also go for training the rural youths in fabrication works, wood works, beady rolling, agarbathi manufacturing, printing press etc.
Government Support: The governmental (central, state or local) support at all level is inevitable for rural development. NGOs alone cannot do miracles overnight. Therefore, the government should watch and ward the working of NGOs at phase wise manner. Thus, the fund or whatever may be directly should move to beneficiaries. The NGOs should accountable for funds.
In this way, NGOs played an important role in rural development. They involve in the development of rural poor with a profound commitment and a strong will .As their minds are geared up with voluntarism or altruism they do not mind their personal sufferings ,discomforts ,inconveniences and stress in the process of their intervention .It is true and not exaggeration that NGOs pains and strains turn out to be a pleasure for them when the poor people gain something concretely .Peoples development requires rather necessitates voluntarism, commitment, devotion, dedication and sometimes sacrifices too. NGOs are bestowed with the aforesaid characteristics and personnel and development workers are endowed with a spirit of voluntarism and concern for the impoverished. It is generally believed that NGOs have also access to people and their efforts are very much benefiting rural communities.
India is a land of villages and the government of India has been implementing numerous rural development programmers for the upliftment of rural communities .Non –Government organizations with their advantage of non-rigid, locality specific, felt need based, beneficiary oriented and committed nature of service have established multitude of roles which can effect rural development . A number of NGOs have been playing a vital role in rural community development, besides governmental interventions. Realizing that the government alone was not able the challenges of the massive enormous tasks in process of rural development, the non-profit, voluntary and nongovernmental organizations had to be involved in different phases and acidities at the global, regional and local levels.
Non-governmental organizations are rendering their services with a voluntary spirit for the uplift of millions of rural people in the country. They involved in the development of rural poor with a profound commitment and a strong will. As their minds are geared up with voluntarism or altruism they do not mind their personal sufferings, discomforts, inconveniences and stresses in the process of their strains fern out to be a pleasure for them when the poor people gain something concretely.
NGOs are ones who really intend to care the uncared sections and the people at the bottom of their social stratum. Their work is people centered and hence they reach the unreached rural poor and live and work with them. They strive to promote the lives of the oppressed, deprived, marginalized, impoverished, and downtrodden hopeless, helpless, powerless, and deserted and poverty stricken in the rural areas. The justification as to why NGOs are to exist is that such ignored subjects of the country are truly the primary subject matter for them .They carry out their work with a humanitarian concern coupled with professional wisdom for the betterment and sustainable development of the poor people its involvement of the people themselves.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are rendering their services with a voluntary spirit for uplift of millions of rural people in the country. NGOs are legally constituted organizations created by natural or legal people that people are faced various problems and challenges. They are —-
1. People are not actively participating in NGOs. They do not participate with NGOs.
2. Lack of or limited access to professional management experiments.
3. Misuser of fund
4. Lack of public participation,
5. Work basically in the urban area. There are needed a new things for rural development.
To make NGOs as a successful one also make more responsible to rural development, therefore we must do some initiatives——
1. Interventions have to be technically strong. They have drawn on the best current knowledge of how to tackle the issues, applying it imaginatively in different contexts,
2. Successful, high quality interventions depend on collaborate effectively with poor and marginalized people, helping them build up their confidence and ability to tackle issues that are important for them.
3.The greatest opportunity to improve quality and impact lies in systematically improving collaboration. The management frameworks that NGOs tend to use typically do not encourage and award collaboration.
4. NGOs can measure their performance using structured ways of hearing from local people and partners about changes outcomes they value and how well specific NGO has contributed to those changes. in this way, NGO improve their working status and played an important role in improvement of rural society.
Unless the NGOs are developed, prepared to face the new challenges like shortage of funds, stoppage of funds it would be difficult to sustain. Rural India continues to suffer from lack of employment and self-employment opportunities owing to its narrow economic base. In the recent past, considerable success have been achieved in developing rural poor through entrepreneurship development approach which focuses on selectively utilizing local talent appropriately developing them through training intervention and linking them with relevant business opportunities. EDI implemented rural entrepreneurship development (RED) approach, in collaboration with NGOs by training their development workers. One of the major hurdles faced in the process in non availability of required and timely financial support to trained entrepreneurs. It was; therefore, felt that derived success rate could not be achieved in REDPs despite best possible training inputs, because of non-availability of funds from banks to trainees.
NGOs have done spectacular works in the field of rural development such as community health, social forest, water shed development, animal husbandry, small scale industries, adult education, community organization, Sangam formation, promotion of self help groups, networking etc.
But still the work to be done is vast and wide as in the words of Robert Frost, “miles to go before I sleep.” NGOs need to become more and more professional their work must be unique like an Oasis in the desert that must be sensible, visible, useful, beneficial, superb, sustainable and replicable and not like a mirage.
It does not matter whether it is a small NGO, or a big NGO or a large NGO or a mighty NGO or an old NGO or a young NGO, what matters is whether one is professional NGO with a profound commitment and persevering will by professional NGOs. From this study it is reveals that the NGOs have been trying to improve the socio-economic condition of rural areas and eradicate the rural poverty as well as illiteracy and other rural problems. The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Mudi express his views on NGOs by opining that the NGOs will help to dreaming a India, in which all people may involve in the process of nation building.
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